1Introduction
2Objectives
3Preparation
4Wear Test
5Images & Scans
6Image Comparison
7Wear Results
8Conclusion
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Objectives:
The purpose of this comparative test is to quantitatively identify the degree of wear of human tooth enamel opposing different restorative materials. Specifically, this test was conducted to evaluate clinical validity of full contour zirconia (full-coverage crown) by comparing zirconia’s wear capacity over antagonistic teeth with that of feldspathic dental porcelain and e.max.
Upper Side
Case 1: ORIGIN® LIVE™ Zirconia
Case 2: Human Tooth Enamel
Case 3: IPS e.max CAD
Case 4: Ceramco III Porcelain
Lower Side – Antagonistic Tooth
Case 1: Human Tooth Enamel
Case 2: Human Tooth Enamel
Case 3: Human Tooth Enamel
Case 4: Human Tooth Enamel
Preparation of the Specimens
Lower Side-Human Tooth
Actual human teeth were first fixed in the dental model stone and then embedded in an acrylic resin mould with only the buccal cusp exposed
Upper Side
Case 1: ORIGIN® LIVE™ Zirconia (according to Instructions for Use Manual)
Case 2: Human Tooth Enamel
Case 3: IPS e.max CAD (according to Instructions for Use Manual)
Surface fine finishing with handpiece
e.Max CAD Glazing paste applied
Heat treatment in porcelain oven
Case 4: Ceramco III Body Porcelain (according to Instructions for Use Manual)
Repeated build up & condensing
Surface fine finishing with handpiece
Heat treatment in porcelain oven
Test Subjects Prepared for Wear Test
Case 1
ORIGIN® LIVE™ Zirconia
Vs
Enamel
Case 2
Enamel
Vs
Enamel
Case 3
e.max CAD
Vs
Enamel
Case 4
Ceramco III Body Porcelain
Vs
Enamel
Wear Test
X 1,250,000 = 5 years of simulated chewing
Equipment Used
• Chewing Simulator
SD Mechatronik, Dental research Equipment
(Made in Germany)
Testing Duration
• 2 weeks
• Total of 1,250,000 times of
simulated chewing
• One simulated chewing cycle
per second
Testing Force
• A weight of 5kg, which is
comparable to 49 N of chewing force, was exerted.
SEM Pictures, 3D Image & Surface Scan
1. Upper side – Surface Condition for Opposing Restorative material specimen
Nova nanoSEM 600, Dept of Physics & Applied Science, Univ. of Utah
2. Lower side – Enamel Wear (Volume & Height)
Origin Intelligence, 3D Dental Scanner, Accuracy 10 micron, Camera resolution 1.4 mega pixels
Wear Results
1. Lower side – Enamel Wear (Loss)
Case 1
ORIGIN® LIVE™ Zirconia (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.122 mm
0.088 mm3
Case 2
Enamel (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.112 mm
0.087 mm3
Case 3
e.max CAD (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.168 mm
0.288 mm3
Case 4
Body Porcelain (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.442 mm
0.827 mm3
Height Loss
Volume Loss*
*Software used:
Geomagic
1. Lower side – Enamel Wear (Loss)
Case 1
ORIGIN® LIVE™ Zirconia (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.122 mm
0.088 mm3
Case 2
Enamel (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.112 mm
0.087 mm3
Case 3
e.max CAD (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.168 mm
0.288 mm3
Case 4
Body Porcelain (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.442 mm
0.827 mm3
Height Loss
Volume Loss*
*Software used:
Geomagic
2. Upper side – Opposing Specimens (Restorative Materials)
Case 1
ORIGIN® LIVE™
Zirconia (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.002 mm
0.006 mm3
Case 2
Enamel (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.032 mm
0.031 mm3
Case 3
e.max CAD (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.212 mm
0.309 mm3
Case 4
Body Porcelain (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.216 mm
0.677 mm3
Height Loss
Volume Loss*
*Software used:
Geomagic
1. Lower side – Enamel Wear (Loss)
Case 1
ORIGIN® LIVE™ Zirconia (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.002 mm
0.006 mm3
Case 2
Enamel (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.032 mm
0.031 mm3
Case 3
e.max CAD (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.212 mm
0.309 mm3
Case 4
Body Porcelain (Upper)
Vs
Enamel (Lower)
0.216 mm
0.677 mm3
Height Loss
Volume Loss*
*Software used: Geomagic
Conclusion
Upper Side
Restorative material
Lower Side
Antagonistic tooth
Despite the limitations of this study on the evaluation of antagonistic teeth wear, less wear of the antagonistic teeth was shown with polished LIVE zirconia than with the previous dental porcelain or e.max CAD, representing that the LIVE zirconia may be more beneficial in terms of antagonistic tooth wear.